G. M. Acland, G. D. Aguirre, J. Bennett, T. S. Aleman, A. V. Cideciyan et al., Long-Term Restoration of Rod and Cone Vision by Single Dose rAAV-Mediated Gene Transfer to the Retina in a Canine Model of Childhood Blindness, Molecular Therapy, vol.12, issue.6, pp.1072-1082, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.08.008

G. M. Acland, G. D. Aguirre, J. Ray, Q. Zhang, T. S. Aleman et al., Gene therapy restores vision in a canine model of childhood blindness, Nature Genetics, vol.28, issue.1, pp.92-95, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/ng0501-92

A. J. Adler, M. , and K. J. , Retinol-binding proteins in bovine interphotoreceptor matrix, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.108, issue.4, pp.1601-1608, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-291X(82)80091-0

R. Adler and M. Hatlee, Plasticity and differentiation of embryonic retinal cells after terminal mitosis, Science, vol.243, issue.4889, pp.391-393, 1989.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2911751

M. Ashtari, L. L. Cyckowski, J. F. Monroe, K. A. Marshall, D. C. Chung et al., The human visual cortex responds to gene therapy???mediated recovery of retinal function, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.121, issue.6, pp.2160-2168, 2011.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI57377

W. Baehr, S. M. Wu, A. C. Bird, and K. Palczewski, The retinoid cycle and retina disease, Vision Research, vol.43, issue.28, pp.2957-2958, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.visres.2003.10.001
URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2003.10.001

J. W. Bainbridge, A. J. Smith, S. S. Barker, S. Robbie, R. Henderson et al., Effect of Gene Therapy on Visual Function in Leber's Congenital Amaurosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.358, issue.21, pp.2231-2239, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0802268

E. Balse, L. H. Tessier, C. Fuchs, V. Forster, J. A. Sahel et al., Purification of Mammalian Cone Photoreceptors by Lectin Panning and the Enhancement of Their Survival in Glia-Conditioned Medium, Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, vol.46, issue.1, pp.367-374, 2005.
DOI : 10.1167/iovs.04-0695
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00142924

Y. Ban, R. , and L. J. , Regulation of glucose transporters during development of the retinal pigment epithelium, Developmental Brain Research, vol.121, issue.1, pp.89-95, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-3806(00)00028-6

B. A. Barres, B. E. Silverstein, D. P. Corey, C. , and L. L. , Immunological, morphological, and electrophysiological variation among retinal ganglion cells purified by panning, Neuron, vol.1, issue.9, pp.791-803, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(88)90127-4

S. Beatty, H. Koh, M. Phil, D. Henson, and M. Boulton, The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Survey of Ophthalmology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.115-134, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0039-6257(00)00140-5

P. Berche, L'histoire secrète des guerres biologiques, 2009.

J. C. Blanks, J. , and L. V. , Specific binding of peanut lectin to a class of retinal photoreceptor cells. A species comparison, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, vol.25, pp.546-557, 1984.

B. B. Boycott, J. M. Hopkins, and H. G. Sperling, Cone Connections of the Horizontal Cells of the Rhesus Monkey's Retina, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing papers of a Biological character, pp.345-379, 1987.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1987.0001

B. B. Boycott and H. Wassle, Morphological Classification of Bipolar Cells of the Primate Retina, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.10, issue.11, pp.1069-1088, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.903100202

P. K. Brown, W. , and G. , Visual Pigments in Human and Monkey Retinas, Nature, vol.43, issue.4901, pp.37-43, 1963.
DOI : 10.1038/186292a0

M. Cayouette and C. Gravel, ) Mouse, Human Gene Therapy, vol.8, issue.4, pp.423-430, 1997.
DOI : 10.1089/hum.1997.8.4-423

M. Cayouette, S. B. Smith, S. P. Becerra, and C. Gravel, Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Delays the Death of Photoreceptors in Mouse Models of Inherited Retinal Degenerations, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.6, issue.6, pp.523-532, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/nbdi.1999.0263

F. Chalmel, T. Leveillard, C. Jaillard, A. Lardenois, N. Berdugo et al., Rod-derived Cone Viability Factor-2 is a novel bifunctional-thioredoxin-like protein with therapeutic potential, BMC Molecular Biology, vol.8, issue.1, p.74, 2007.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2199-8-74
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00188911

T. Chan-ling, Glial, vascular, and neuronal cytogenesis in whole-mounted cat retina, Microscopy Research and Technique, vol.21, issue.1, pp.1-16, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970101)36:1<1::AID-JEMT1>3.0.CO;2-V

T. Chan-ling, Y. Chu, L. Baxter, W. Ii, M. Hughes et al., characterization of astrocyte precursor cells (APCs) and astrocytes in developing rat retinae: Differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, Glia, vol.229, issue.1, pp.39-53, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/glia.20733

C. Chen and H. Okayama, High-efficiency transformation of mammalian cells by plasmid DNA., Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol.7, issue.8, pp.2745-2752, 1987.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.7.8.2745

A. V. Cideciyan, T. S. Aleman, S. L. Boye, S. B. Schwartz, S. Kaushal et al., Human gene therapy for RPE65 isomerase deficiency activates the retinoid cycle of vision but with slow rod kinetics, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105, pp.15112-15117, 2008.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0807027105

T. Cronin, W. Raffelsberger, I. Lee-rivera, C. Jaillard, M. L. Niepon et al., The disruption of the rod-derived cone viability gene leads to photoreceptor dysfunction and susceptibility to oxidative stress, Cell Death and Differentiation, vol.12, issue.7, pp.1199-1210, 2010.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1001869212639
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00465893

D. M. Dacey and M. R. Petersen, Dendritic field size and morphology of midget and parasol ganglion cells of the human retina., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.89, issue.20, pp.9666-9670, 1992.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.89.20.9666

E. Albani, A. Bengtson, S. Canfield, D. E. Bekker, A. Macchiarelli et al., Large colonial organisms with coordinated growth in oxygenated environments 2.1???Gyr ago, Nature, vol.461, issue.7302, pp.100-104, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nature09166
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01404352

J. F. Enders, T. H. Weller, and F. C. Robbins, Cultivation of the Lansing Strain of Poliomyelitis Virus in Cultures of Various Human Embryonic Tissues, Science, vol.109, issue.2822, pp.85-87, 1949.
DOI : 10.1126/science.109.2822.85

A. C. Fintz, I. Audo, D. Hicks, S. Mohand-said, T. Leveillard et al., Partial Characterization of Retina-Derived Cone Neuroprotection in Two Culture Models of Photoreceptor Degeneration, Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, vol.44, issue.2, pp.818-825, 2003.
DOI : 10.1167/iovs.01-1144

V. Fontaine, N. Kinkl, J. Sahel, H. Dreyfus, and D. Hicks, Survival of purified rat photoreceptors in vitro is stimulated directly by fibroblast growth factor-2, J Neurosci, vol.18, pp.9662-9672, 1998.

M. Frasson, S. Picaud, T. Leveillard, M. Simonutti, S. Mohand-said et al., Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor induces histologic and functional protection of rod photoreceptors in the rd/rd mouse, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, vol.40, pp.2724-2734, 1999.

G. Puel, M. L. Niepon, and O. Poch, The thioredoxin-like protein rod-derived cone viability factor (RdCVFL) interacts with TAU and inhibits its phosphorylation in the retina, Mol Cell Proteomics, vol.8, pp.1206-1218, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00420386

V. Glisin, R. Crkvenjakov, and C. Byus, Ribonucleic acid isolated by cesium chloride centrifugation, Biochemistry, vol.13, issue.12, pp.2633-2637, 1974.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00709a025

F. Gonzalez-fernandez, Evolution of the visual cycle: the role of retinoid-binding proteins, Journal of Endocrinology, vol.175, issue.1, pp.75-88, 2002.
DOI : 10.1677/joe.0.1750075

Z. Grabarek, Structural Basis for Diversity of the EF-hand Calcium-binding Proteins, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.359, issue.3, pp.509-525, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.03.066

I. Grundke-iqbal, K. Iqbal, Y. C. Tung, M. Quinlan, H. M. Wisniewski et al., Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein tau (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp.4913-4917, 1986.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.83.13.4913

S. M. Gu, D. A. Thompson, C. R. Srikumari, B. Lorenz, U. Finckh et al., Mutations in RPE65 cause autosomal recessive childhood???onset severe retinal dystrophy, Nature Genetics, vol.15, issue.2, pp.194-197, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/geno.1994.1422

D. Hicks, C. , and Y. , The growth and behaviour of rat retinal M??ller cells in vitro 1. An improved method for isolation and culture, Experimental Eye Research, vol.51, issue.2, pp.119-129, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-4835(90)90063-Z

M. M. Hims, S. P. Diager, and C. F. Inglehearn, Retinitis pigmentosa: Genes, Proteins and Prospects, Developments in ophthalmology, vol.37, pp.109-125, 2003.
DOI : 10.1159/000072042

M. S. Humayun, J. D. Dorn, A. K. Ahuja, A. Caspi, E. Filley et al., Preliminary 6 month results from the argus^tm ii epiretinal prosthesis feasibility study, 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp.4566-4568, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5332695

K. Kajiwara, E. L. Berson, and T. P. Dryja, Digenic retinitis pigmentosa due to mutations at the unlinked peripherin/RDS and ROM1 loci, Science, vol.264, issue.5165, pp.1604-1608, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8202715

S. U. Kim and H. Takahashi, Tissue culture study of adult human retina neurons, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, vol.29, pp.1372-1379, 1988.

H. Kolb, E. Fernandez, J. Schouten, P. Ahnelt, K. A. Linberg et al., Are there three types of horizontal cell in the human retina?, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.32, issue.3, pp.370-386, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.903430304

H. Kolb, K. A. Linberg, and S. K. Fisher, Neurons of the human retina: A Golgi study, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.262, issue.2, pp.147-187, 1992.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.903180204

L. Meur, G. Stieger, K. Smith, A. J. Weber, M. Deschamps et al., Restoration of vision in RPE65-deficient Briard dogs using an AAV serotype 4 vector that specifically targets the retinal pigmented epithelium, Gene Therapy, vol.97, issue.4, pp.292-303, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.gt.3302861

B. Lesaffre, A. Joliot, A. Prochiantz, and M. Volovitch, Direct non-cell autonomous Pax6 activity regulates eye development in the zebrafish, Neural Dev, vol.172, issue.2, 2007.

T. Leveillard, S. Mohand-said, O. Lorentz, D. Hicks, A. C. Fintz et al., Identification and characterization of rod-derived cone viability factor, Nature Genetics, vol.124, issue.7, pp.755-759, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/25.17.3389
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00312378

T. Leveillard and J. A. Sahel, Rod-Derived Cone Viability Factor for Treating Blinding Diseases: From Clinic to Redox Signaling, Science translational medicine 2, pp.26-42, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/scitranslmed.3000866
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00472434

L. Li, N. Nakaya, V. R. Chavali, Z. Ma, X. Jiao et al., A Mutation in ZNF513, a Putative Regulator of Photoreceptor Development, Causes Autosomal-Recessive Retinitis Pigmentosa, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.87, issue.3, pp.400-409, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.08.003

T. Li, M. A. Sandberg, B. S. Pawlyk, B. Rosner, K. C. Hayes et al., Effect of vitamin A supplementation on rhodopsin mutants threonine-17 -> methionine and proline-347 -> serine in transgenic mice and in cell cultures, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, pp.11933-11938, 1998.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.20.11933

R. Lopez, M. Lopez-gallardo, I. Busturia, L. Anezary, and C. Prada, Spatial and temporal patterns of growth and differentiation of cone oil droplets in the chick retina, Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol.17, issue.Sec A, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/jnr.20360

R. E. Maclaren, R. A. Pearson, A. Macneil, R. H. Douglas, T. E. Salt et al., Retinal repair by transplantation of photoreceptor precursors, Nature, vol.4, issue.7116, pp.203-207, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nature05161

M. A. Macneil, M. , and R. H. , Extreme Diversity among Amacrine Cells: Implications for Function, Neuron, vol.20, issue.5, pp.971-982, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80478-X

A. M. Maguire, F. Simonelli, E. A. Pierce, E. N. Pugh, . Jr et al., Safety and Efficacy of Gene Transfer for Leber's Congenital Amaurosis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.358, issue.21, pp.2240-2248, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa0802315

A. P. Mariani, Bipolar cells in monkey retina selective for the cones likely to be blue-sensitive, Nature, vol.10, issue.5955, pp.184-186, 1984.
DOI : 10.1038/308184a0

N. L. Mata, R. A. Radu, R. C. Clemmons, T. , and G. H. , Isomerization and Oxidation of Vitamin A in Cone-Dominant Retinas, Neuron, vol.36, issue.1, pp.69-80, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00912-1

M. E. Mclaughlin, M. A. Sandberg, E. L. Berson, and T. P. Dryja, Recessive mutations in the gene encoding the ?????subunit of rod phosphodiesterase in patients with retinitis pigmentosa, Nature Genetics, vol.90, issue.2, pp.130-134, 1993.
DOI : 10.1038/342762a0

S. Mohand-said, A. Deudon-combe, D. Hicks, M. Simonutti, V. Forster et al., Normal retina releases a diffusible factor stimulating cone survival in the retinal degeneration mouse, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95, pp.8357-8362, 1998.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.14.8357

S. Mohand-said, D. Hicks, H. Dreyfus, and J. A. Sahel, Selective Transplantation of Rods Delays Cone Loss in a Retinitis Pigmentosa Model, Archives of Ophthalmology, vol.118, issue.6, pp.807-811, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/archopht.118.6.807

S. Mohand-said, D. Hicks, M. Simonutti, D. Tran-minh, A. Deudon-combe et al., Photoreceptor Transplants Increase Host Cone Survival in the Retinal Degeneration (rd) Mouse, Ophthalmic Research, vol.29, issue.5, pp.290-297, 1997.
DOI : 10.1159/000268027

B. Moore, In Memory of Sidney Ringer [1835-1910], Biochemical Journal, vol.5, issue.6-7, p.3, 1911.
DOI : 10.1042/bj005000i

A. A. Moscona, Cellular interactions in experimental histogenesis, International review of experimental pathology, vol.1, pp.371-428, 1962.

R. Nagaraj and U. Banerjee, The little R cell that could, The International Journal of Developmental Biology, vol.48, issue.8-9, pp.755-760, 2004.
DOI : 10.1387/ijdb.041881rn

E. Nandrot, E. M. Dufour, A. C. Provost, M. O. Pequignot, S. Bonnel et al., Homozygous Deletion in the Coding Sequence of the c-mer Gene in RCS Rats Unravels General Mechanisms of Physiological Cell Adhesion and Apoptosis, Neurobiology of Disease, vol.7, issue.6, pp.586-599, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/nbdi.2000.0328

J. S. Nicholas, Ross Granville Harrison, 1870-1959, The Yale journal of biology and medicine, vol.32, pp.407-412, 1960.

D. S. Papermaster, B. G. Schneider, and J. C. Besharse, Vesicular transport of newly synthesized opsin from the Golgi apparatus toward the rod outer segment Ultrastructural 21, 1985.

S. Reichman, R. K. Kalathur, S. Lambard, N. Ait-ali, Y. Yang et al., The homeobox gene CHX10/VSX2 regulates RdCVF promoter activity in the inner retina, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.19, issue.2, pp.250-261, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddp484
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00465889

P. J. Rosenfeld, G. S. Cowley, T. L. Mcgee, M. A. Sandberg, E. L. Berson et al., A Null mutation in the rhodopsin gene causes rod photoreceptor dysfunction and autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, Nature Genetics, vol.99, issue.3, pp.209-213, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/338070a0

F. Sams-dodd, Drug discovery: selecting the optimal approach. Drug discovery today 11, pp.465-472, 2006.

M. Shannon, A. T. Hamilton, L. Gordon, E. Branscomb, and L. Stubbs, Differential Expansion of Zinc-Finger Transcription Factor Loci in Homologous Human and Mouse Gene Clusters, Genome Research, vol.13, issue.6, pp.1097-1110, 2003.
DOI : 10.1101/gr.963903

H. J. Sheedlo, L. Li, W. Fan, T. , and J. E. , Retinal pigment epithelial cell support of photoreceptor survival in vitro, In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal, vol.267, issue.5, pp.330-333, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02634278

P. A. Sieving, R. C. Caruso, W. Tao, H. R. Coleman, D. J. Thompson et al., Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) for human retinal degeneration: Phase I trial of CNTF delivered by encapsulated cell intraocular implants, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp.3896-3901, 2006.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0600236103

O. Strauss, The Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Visual Function, Physiological Reviews, vol.85, issue.3, pp.845-881, 2005.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.00021.2004

K. Sugasawa, J. Deguchi, T. Okami, A. Yamamoto, K. Omori et al., Immunocytochemical Analyses of Distributions of Na, K-ATPase and GLUT1, Insulin and Transferrin Receptors in the Developing Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells., Cell Structure and Function, vol.19, issue.1, pp.21-28, 1994.
DOI : 10.1247/csf.19.21

P. K. Swain, S. Chen, Q. L. Wang, L. M. Affatigato, C. L. Coats et al., Mutations in the Cone-Rod Homeobox Gene Are Associated with the Cone-Rod Dystrophy Photoreceptor Degeneration, Neuron, vol.19, issue.6, pp.1329-1336, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80423-7

G. J. Todaro and H. Green, QUANTITATIVE STUDIES OF THE GROWTH OF MOUSE EMBRYO CELLS IN CULTURE AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT INTO ESTABLISHED LINES, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.17, issue.2, pp.299-313, 1963.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.17.2.299

D. L. Turner, C. , and C. L. , A common progenitor for neurons and glia persists in rat retina late in development, Nature, vol.328, issue.6126, pp.131-136, 1987.
DOI : 10.1038/328131a0

E. N. Vithana, L. Abu-safieh, M. J. Allen, A. Carey, M. Papaioannou et al., A human homolog of yeast pre-mRNA splicing gene, p.31, 2001.

K. Yamagata, K. Goto, C. H. Kuo, H. Kondo, M. et al., Visinin: A novel calcium binding protein expressed in retinal cone cells, Neuron, vol.4, issue.3, pp.469-476, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(90)90059-O

Y. Yang, S. Mohand-said, A. Danan, M. Simonutti, V. Fontaine et al., Functional Cone Rescue by RdCVF Protein in a Dominant Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa, Molecular Therapy, vol.17, issue.5, pp.787-795, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/mt.2009.28
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00464512