.. Généralité-sur-l-'enrichissement, 20 2.2. Les différents milieux d'enrichissement utilisés, p.20

S. Détection-des, 21 3.1. Tests immunologiques, p.29

S. N. Bastian, I. Carle, and F. Grimont, Comparison of 14 PCR systems for the detection and subtyping of stx genes in Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Research in Microbiology, vol.149, issue.7, pp.457-472, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0923-2508(98)80001-6

C. L. Baylis, in a range of enrichment media, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.18, issue.5, pp.1259-1265, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03859.x

C. L. Baylis, Raw milk and raw milk cheeses as vehicles for infection by Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli.international journal of dairy technology, pp.293-307, 2009.

E. A. Belongia, M. T. Osterholm, J. T. Soler, D. A. Ammend, J. E. Braun et al., Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in Minnesota child day-care facilities, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.269, issue.7, pp.883-888, 1993.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.269.7.883

F. Beltrametti, A. U. Kresse, and C. A. Guzman, Transcriptional regulation of the esp genes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, J Bacteriol, vol.181, pp.3409-3418, 1999.

Y. Bertin, K. Boukhors, N. Pradel, V. Livrelli, and C. Et-martin, Stx2 Subtyping of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle in France: Detection of a New Stx2 Subtype and Correlation with Additional Virulence Factors, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.39, issue.9, pp.3060-3065, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3060-3065.2001

R. E. Besser, S. M. Lett, J. T. Weber, M. P. Doyle, T. J. Barrett et al., An Outbreak of Diarrhea and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome From Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh-Pressed Apple Cider, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.269, issue.17, pp.2217-2220, 1993.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1993.03500170047032

L. Beutin, J. Prada, S. Zimmermann, R. Stephan, I. Orskov et al., Enterohemolysin, a new type of hemolysin produced by some strains of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Zentralblatt f??r Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie und Hygiene. Series A: Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Virology, Parasitology, vol.267, issue.4, pp.576-588, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/S0176-6724(88)80042-7

L. Beutin, M. A. Montenegro, I. Orskov, F. Orskov, J. Prada et al., Close association of verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin) production with enterohemolysin production in strains of Escherichia coli, J Clin Microbiol, vol.27, pp.2559-2564, 1989.

L. Beutin, S. Zimmermann, and K. Gleier, Rapid detection and isolation of shiga-like toxin (verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli by direct testing of individual enterohemolytic colonies from washed sheep blood agar plates in the VTEC-RPLA assay, J Clin Microbiol, vol.34, pp.2812-2814, 1996.

L. Beutin, M. Bulte, A. Weber, S. Zimmermann, and K. Gleier, Investigation of human infections with verocytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli (VTEC) belonging to serogroup O118 with evidence for zoonotic transmission, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.125, issue.1, pp.47-54, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268899004094

M. Bielaszewska, H. Schmidt, M. A. Karmali, R. Khakhria, J. Janda et al., Isolation and characterization of sorbitol-fermenting Shiga toxin (Verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli O157:H-strains in the Czech Republic, J Clin Microbiol, vol.36, pp.2135-2137, 1998.

P. Boerlin, S. Chen, J. K. Colbourne, R. Johnson, S. De-grandis et al., Evolution of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli hemolysin plasmids and the locus for enterocyte effacement in Shiga-toxin producing E. coli, Infection and Immunity, vol.66, pp.2553-2561, 1998.

P. Boerlin, Evolution of virulence factors in Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS), vol.56, issue.9-10, pp.735-741, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s000180050020

F. J. Bolton, P. A. Chapman, M. Farthing, J. Mani-saada, S. J. O-'brien et al., Guidelines for the control of infection with Verocytoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC), Communicable Disease and Public Health, vol.3, pp.14-23, 2000.

L. Booth, R. , and B. , Possible occupational acquisition of Escherichia coli 0157 infection, The Lancet, vol.342, issue.8882, pp.1298-1299, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92388-A

B. Boudailliez, P. Berquin, P. Mariani-kurkdjian, D. Ilef, B. Cuvelier et al., Possible person-to-person transmission of Escherichia coli O111 - associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, Pediatric Nephrology, vol.11, issue.1, pp.36-39, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004670050229

T. Breuer, D. H. Benkel, R. L. Shapiro, W. N. Hall, M. M. Winnett et al., A Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Linked to Alfalfa Sprouts Grown from Contaminated Seeds, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.7, issue.6, pp.977-982, 2001.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0706.010609

D. H. Brewster, M. I. Brown, D. Robertson, G. L. Houghton, J. Bimson et al., SUMMARY, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.27, issue.03, pp.441-447, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93092-N

W. Brunder, H. Schmidt, and H. Karch, KatP, a novel catalase-peroxidase encoded by the large plasmid of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Microbiology, vol.142, issue.11, pp.3305-3315, 1996.
DOI : 10.1099/13500872-142-11-3305

W. Brunder, H. Schmidt, and H. Karch, EspP, a novel extracellular serine protease of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 cleaves human coagulation factor V, Molecular Microbiology, vol.24, issue.4, pp.767-778, 1997.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3871751.x

R. L. Buchanan and L. A. Klawitter, The effect of incubation temperature, initial pH, and sodium chloride on the growth kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Food Microbiology, vol.9, issue.3, pp.185-196, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0740-0020(92)80046-7

A. P. Burnens, R. Zbinden, L. Kaempf, I. Heinzer, and J. Nicolet, A Case of Laboratory Acquired Infection with Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Zentralblatt f??r Bakteriologie, vol.279, issue.4, pp.512-517, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0934-8840(11)80423-8

S. B. Calderwood, D. W. Akeson, G. T. Keusch, T. J. Barrett, and P. M. Et-griffin, Proposed New nomenclature for SLT (VT) family, ASM News, vol.62, pp.118-119, 1996.

A. O. Carter, A. A. Borczyk, J. A. Carlson, B. Harvey, J. C. Hockin et al., O157:H7???Associated Hemorrhagic Colitis in a Nursing Home, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.317, issue.24, pp.1496-1500, 1987.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198712103172403

T. M. Catarame, K. A. O-'hanlon, G. Duffy, J. J. Sheridan, I. S. Blair et al., Optimization of enrichment and plating procedures for the recovery of Escherichia coli O111 and O26 from minced beef, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.949-957, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1472-765X.2001.00941.x

P. A. Chapman, D. J. Wright, H. , and R. , Untreated milk as a source of verotoxigenic E coli O157, Veterinary Record, vol.133, issue.7, pp.171-172, 1993.
DOI : 10.1136/vr.133.7.171

A. M. Cheville, K. W. Arnold, C. Buchrieser, C. M. Cheng, K. et al., ) rpoS regulation of acid, heat, and salt tolerance in Escherichia coli O157:H7, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.62, pp.1822-1824, 1996.

S. H. Cody, M. K. Glynn, J. A. Farrar, K. L. Cairns, P. M. Griffin et al., An Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection from Unpasteurized Commercial Apple Juice, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.130, issue.3, pp.202-209, 1999.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00005

J. E. Coia, Clinical, microbiological and epidemiological aspects of Escherichia coli O157 infection, FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology, vol.20, issue.1, pp.1-9, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01105.x

N. A. Cornick, I. Matise, J. E. Samuel, B. T. Bosworth, M. et al., Infection: Temporal and Quantitative Relationships among Colonization, Toxin Production, and Systemic Disease, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.181, issue.1, pp.242-251, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/315172
URL : http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/181/1/242

J. M. Cowden, Scottish outbreak of Escherichia coli, Eurosurveillance, vol.2, pp.1-2, 1996.

K. Cransberg, J. H. Van-den-kerkhof, J. R. Banffer, C. Stijnen, K. Wernars et al., Four cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome--source contaminated swimming water, Clin Nephrol, vol.46, pp.45-49, 1996.

J. A. Crump, A. C. Sulka, A. J. Langer, C. Schaben, A. S. Crielly et al., O157:H7 Infections among Visitors to a Dairy Farm, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.347, issue.8, pp.555-560, 2002.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa020524

D. 'amico, D. J. Druart, M. J. Donnelly, and C. W. , Behavior of Escherichia coli O157:H7 during the manufacture and aging of Gouda and stirred-curd Cheddar cheeses manufactured from raw milk, J. Food Prot, 2010.

A. Davies, A. Slade, R. M. Blood, and P. Gibbs, Effect of temperature and pH value on the growth of vérotoxigenic E.coli Leatherhead Food Research Assocition, 1992.

S. Degrandis, H. Law, J. Brunton, C. Gyles, and C. A. Lingwood, Globotetraosylceramide is recognized by the pig edema disease toxin, J Biol Chem, vol.264, pp.12520-12525, 1989.

I. Derval, The epidemiology of verocytotoxigenic E. coli O157:H7 in Ireland In Epidemiology of Verototoxigenic E.coli organised by EU Concerted Action (CT98-3935), Malahide, 2001.

R. Devinney, A. Gauthier, A. Abe, and B. B. Finlay, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli: a pathogen that inserts its own receptor into host cells, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol.55, issue.6-7, pp.961-976, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00013202

V. J. Dev, M. Main, and I. Gould, Waterborne outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157, The Lancet, vol.337, issue.8754, p.1412, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93092-N

M. S. Donnenberg, S. Tzipori, M. L. Mckee, A. D. O-'brien, J. Alroy et al., The role of the eae gene of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in intimate attachment in vitro and in a porcine model., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.92, issue.3, pp.1418-1424, 1993.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI116718

M. Doyle and J. Schoeni, Survival and growth characteristics of Escherichia coli associated with hemorrhagic colitis, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.48, issue.4, pp.855-866, 1984.

M. Drysdale, M. Macrae, N. J. Stratchen, T. M. Reid, and L. D. Ogden, The detection of non-O157 E. coli in food by immunomagnetic separation, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.50, issue.1, pp.220-224, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0956-7135(99)00065-1

I. Dupray, M. P. Caprais, A. Derrien, P. Monfort, A. Convenant et al., Flux bactériens et qualité sanitaire des coquillages en baie de Fresnaye, Pollutions diffuses : du bassin versant au littoral. IFREMER (ed.) Ploufragan, Saint Brieuc -France, pp.169-178, 1999.

E. Toxinproducing, coli infections in the United States : current status and challengesShiga-toxin (verocytotoxin)-producing Escherichia coli infections, 4th International Symposium and Workshop on, 2000.

M. N. Guerini, T. M. Arthur, S. D. Shackelford, and M. Koohmaraie, Evaluation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Growth Media for Use in Test-and-Hold Procedures for Ground Beef Processing, Journal of Food Protection, vol.69, issue.5, pp.1007-1011, 2006.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-69.5.1007

S. Haeghebaert, V. Vaillant, P. Bouvet, and F. Grimont, Surveillance du syndrome hémolytique et urémique, chez les enfants de moins de 15 ans, en France en, Bulletin Epidémiologique Hebdomadaire, vol.29, pp.145-148, 2000.

Y. Hara-kudo, H. Konuma, H. Nakagawa, and S. Kumagai, Escherichia coli O26 detection from foods using an enrichment procedure and an immunomagnetic separation method, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.25, issue.2, pp.151-154, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1605(99)00099-9

N. F. Hepburn, M. Mac-rae, M. Johnston, J. Mooney, and I. D. Ogden, Optimizing enrichment conditions for the isolation of Escherichia coli O157 in soils by immunomagnetic separation, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.61, issue.5, pp.365-369, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-1097(01)00342-1

A. E. Heuvelink, J. T. Zwartkruis-nahuis, R. R. Beumer, and E. De-boer, Occurrence and Survival of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Meats Obtained from Retail Outlets in The Netherlands, Journal of Food Protection, vol.62, issue.10, pp.1115-1122, 1999.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-62.10.1115

A. E. Heuvelink, Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in humans and the food chain, 2000.

A. E. Heuvelink, C. Van-heerwaarden, J. T. Zwartkruis-nahuis, R. Van-oosterom, K. Edink et al., Escherichia coli O157 infection associated with a petting zoo, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.129, issue.02, pp.295-302, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/S095026880200732X

R. S. Heyderman, M. Soriani, and T. R. Hirst, Is immune cell activation the missing link in the pathogenesis of post-diarrhoeal HUS?, Trends in Microbiology, vol.9, issue.6, pp.262-266, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02045-5

E. D. Hilborn, J. H. Mermin, P. A. Mshar, J. L. Hadler, A. Voetsch et al., A Multistate Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Associated With Consumption of Mesclun Lettuce, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.159, issue.15, pp.1758-1764, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.159.15.1758

E. D. Hilborn, P. A. Mshar, T. R. Fiorentino, Z. F. Dembek, T. J. Barrett et al., An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157???H7 infections and haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with consumption of unpasteurized apple cider, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.124, issue.1, pp.31-36, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268899003258

J. M. Hildebrand, H. C. Maguire, R. E. Holliman, and E. Kangesu, An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 infection linked to paddling pools, Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev, vol.6, pp.33-36, 1996.

R. Hiramatsu, M. Matsumoto, Y. Miwa, Y. Suzuki, M. Saito et al., Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26 Strains and Establishment of Selective Isolation Media for These Strains, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.40, issue.3, pp.922-925, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.40.3.922-925.2002

S. L. Hofmann, Southwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Shiga-like Toxins in Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol.306, issue.6, pp.398-406, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00000441-199312000-00009

H. S. Hussein and L. M. Bollinger, in Food, Fecal, and Environmental Samples, Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, vol.5, issue.3, pp.227-244, 2008.
DOI : 10.1089/fpd.2008.0081

A. Ismaili, D. J. Philpott, M. T. Dytoc, and P. M. Sherman, Signal transduction responses following adhesion of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli, Infect Immun, vol.63, pp.3316-3326, 1995.

S. Iyoda, K. Tamura, K. Itoh, H. Izumiya, N. Ueno et al., O86:HNM isolated from patients, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.191, issue.1, pp.7-10, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2000.tb09311.x

S. G. Jackson, R. B. Goodbrand, R. P. Johnson, V. G. Odorico, D. Alves et al., Escherichia coli O157???H7 diarrhoea associated with well water and infected cattle on an Ontario farm, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.120, issue.1, pp.17-20, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268897008479

J. E. Jameson, A discussion of the dynamics of salmonella enrichment, Journal of Hygiene, vol.52, issue.02, pp.193-207, 1962.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)16933-3

K. G. Jarvis and J. B. Kaper, Secretion of extracellular proteins by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli via a putative type III secretion system, Infect Immun, vol.64, pp.4826-4829, 1996.

A. E. Jerse, K. G. Gicquelais, and J. B. Kaper, Plasmid and chromosomal elements involved in the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing Escherichia coli, Infect Immun, vol.59, pp.3869-3875, 1991.

N. L. Jones, A. Islur, R. Haq, M. Mascarenhas, M. A. Karmali et al., Escherichia coli Shiga toxins induce apoptosis in epithelial cells that is regulated by the Bcl-2 family, Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, vol.278, pp.811-819, 2000.

M. Kanki, K. Seto, J. Sakata, T. Harada, and Y. Kumeda, Simultaneous Enrichment of Shiga Toxin???Producing Escherichia coli O157 and O26 and Salmonella in Food Samples Using Universal Preenrichment Broth, Journal of Food Protection, vol.72, issue.10, pp.2065-2070, 2009.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-72.10.2065

M. A. Karmali, B. T. Steele, M. Petric, and C. Et-lim, Sporadic cases of haemolyticuraemic syndrome associated with faecal cytotoxin and cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stools, Lancet, vol.1, pp.619-620, 1983.

H. Kassenborgh, C. Hedberg, M. Evans, G. Chin, T. R. Fiorentino et al., Case-control study of sporadic Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in 5 Foodnet Sites, 1st International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1998.

W. E. Keene, J. M. Mcanulty, F. C. Hoesly, L. P. Williams, . Jr et al., A Swimming-Associated Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Colitis Caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella Sonnei, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.331, issue.9, pp.579-584, 1994.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199409013310904

W. E. Keene, E. Sazie, J. Kok, D. H. Rice, D. D. Hancock et al., An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections traced to jerky made from deer meat, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.277, issue.15, pp.1229-1231, 1997.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.277.15.1229

B. Kenny, R. Devinney, M. Stein, D. J. Reinscheid, E. A. Frey et al., Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Transfers Its Receptor for Intimate Adherence into Mammalian Cells, Cell, vol.91, issue.4, pp.511-520, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80437-7

N. Kiyokawa, T. Taguchi, T. Mori, H. Uchida, N. Sato et al., Induction of Apoptosis in Normal Human Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells by Escherichia coli Shiga Toxins 1 and 2, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.178, issue.1, pp.178-184, 1998.
DOI : 10.1086/515592

H. S. Kohli, A. K. Chaudhuri, W. T. Todd, A. A. Mitchell, and K. G. Liddell, A severe outbreak of E. coli 0157 in two psychogeriatric wards, Journal of Public Health, vol.16, issue.1, pp.11-15, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubmed.a042911

J. Konowalchuk, J. I. Speirs, and S. Et-stavric, Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coli, Infect Immun, vol.18, pp.775-779, 1977.

M. J. Kovacs, J. Roddy, S. Gregoire, W. Cameron, L. Eidus et al., Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following hemorrhagic colitis due to Escherichia coli 0157:H7, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.88, issue.2, pp.177-179, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90470-X

N. Lea, J. M. Lord, and L. M. Et-roberts, Proteolytic cleavage of the A subunit is essential for maximal cytotoxicity of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Shiga-like toxin-1, Microbiology, vol.145, issue.5, pp.999-1004, 1999.
DOI : 10.1099/13500872-145-5-999

M. Levine, Escherichia coli that Cause Diarrhea: Enterotoxigenic, Enteropathogenic, Enteroinvasive, Enterohemorrhagic, and Enteroadherent, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.155, issue.3, pp.377-389, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/155.3.377
URL : http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/155/3/377

K. Licence, K. R. Oates, B. A. Synge, R. , and T. M. , An outbreak of E. coli O157 infection with evidence of spread from animals to man through contamination of a private water supply, Epidemiol Infect, vol.126, pp.135-138, 2001.

J. Lin, M. P. Smith, K. C. Chapin, H. S. Baik, G. N. Bennett et al., Mechanisms of acid resistance in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.62, pp.3094-3100, 1996.

S. W. Lindgren, A. R. Melton, and A. D. Et-o-'brien, Virulence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O91:H21 clinical isolates in an orally infected mouse model, Infect Immun, vol.61, pp.3832-3842, 1993.

C. A. Lingwood, H. Law, S. Richardson, M. Petric, J. L. Brunton et al., Glycolipid binding of purified and recombinant Escherichia coli produced verotoxin in vitro, J Biol Chem, vol.262, pp.8834-8839, 1987.

C. Loirat, V. Baudouin, E. Sonsino, P. Mariani-kurkdjian, and J. Et-elion, Syndrome Hémolytique et Urémique de l'enfant : aspects cliniques, étiologiques, éléments du pronostic et résultats thérapeutiques, In: Flammarion-Médecine-Sciences (Ed.) Actualités Néphrologiques de l'Hopital Necker, pp.133-158, 1992.

M. Louie, S. Read, L. Louie, K. Ziebell, K. Rahn et al., Molecular typing methods to investigate transmission of Escherichia coli O157???H7 from cattle to humans, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.123, issue.1, pp.17-24, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268899002551

C. B. Louise and T. G. Et-obrig, Specific Interaction of Escherichia coli 0157:H7-Derived Shiga-like Toxin II with Human Renal Endothelial Cells, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.172, issue.5, pp.1397-1401, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/172.5.1397

K. Ludwig, H. Ruder, M. Bitzan, S. Zimmermann, and H. Karch, Outbreak ofEscherichia coli O157:H7 infection in a large family, European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, vol.347, issue.3, pp.238-241, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01709588

K. L. Macdonald, M. J. O-'leary, M. L. Cohen, P. Norris, J. G. Wells et al., Escherichia coli 0157:H7, an Emerging Gastrointestinal Pathogen, JAMA, vol.259, issue.24, pp.3567-3570, 1988.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1988.03720240029030

I. A. Macdonald, I. M. Gould, and J. Curnow, Epidemiology of infection due to Escherichia coli O157: a 3-year prospective study, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.2, issue.03, pp.279-284, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(91)93092-N

M. M. Maher, K. N. Jordan, M. E. Upton, and A. Coffey, Growth and survival of E. coli O157:H7 during the manufacture and ripening of a smear-ripened cheese produced from raw milk, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.61, issue.2, pp.201-207, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2672.1999.00408.x

A. Mailles, P. Mariani-kurkdjian, C. Vernozy-rozand, F. Grimont, N. Pihier et al., Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection linked to consumption of ground beef, 6th International Symposium on STEC, 2005.

K. R. Matthews, P. A. Murdough, and A. J. Bramley, Invasion of bovine epithelial cells by verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H7, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.133, issue.2, pp.197-203, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91670-5

J. L. Mellies, S. J. Elliott, V. Sperandio, M. S. Donnenberg, and J. B. Kaper, The Per regulon of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli : identification of a regulatory cascade and a novel transcriptional activator, the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded regulator (Ler), Molecular Microbiology, vol.154, issue.2, pp.296-306, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.531415.x

A. R. Melton-celsa, S. C. Darnell, O. Brien, and A. D. , Activation of Shiga-like toxins by mouse and human intestinal mucus correlates with virulence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O91:H21 isolates in orally infected, streptomycin-treated mice, Infect Immun, vol.64, pp.1569-1576, 1996.

P. Michel, J. B. Wilson, S. W. Martin, R. C. Clarke, S. A. Mcewen et al., Temporal and geographical distributions of reported cases of Escherichia coli O157???H7 infection in Ontario, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.122, issue.2, pp.193-200, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268899002083

H. Michino, K. Araki, S. Minami, S. Takaya, N. Sakai et al., Massive Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157: H7 Infection In Schoolchildren in Sakai City, Japan, Associated with Consumption of White Radish Sprouts, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.150, issue.8, pp.787-796, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010082

L. M. Milne, A. Plom, I. Strudley, G. C. Pritchard, R. Crooks et al., Escherichia coli O157 incident associated with a farm open to members of the public, Commun Dis Public Health, vol.2, pp.22-26, 1999.

J. C. Mohle-boetani, J. A. Farrar, S. B. Werner, D. Minassian, R. Bryant et al., Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella infections associated with sprouts in California, Ann Intern Med, vol.135, pp.1996-1998, 2001.

S. Morabito, H. Karch, P. Mariani-kurkdjian, H. Schmidt, F. Minelli et al., Enteroaggregative, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111:H2 associated with an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, J Clin Microbiol, vol.36, pp.840-842, 1998.

G. M. Morgan, C. Newman, S. R. Palmer, J. B. Allen, W. Shepherd et al., SUMMARY, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.ii, issue.40, pp.83-91, 1988.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM198303243081203

D. Morgan, C. P. Newman, D. N. Hutchinson, A. M. Walker, B. Rowe et al., Summary, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.109, issue.2, pp.181-187, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(87)91928-3

E. Moschcowitz, AN ACUTE FEBRILE PLEIOCHROMIC ANEMIA WITH HYALINE THROMBOSIS OF THE TERMINAL ARTERIOLES AND CAPILLARIES, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.36, issue.1, p.89, 1925.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.1925.00120130092009

R. A. Moxley, F. , and D. H. , Natural and experimental infection with an attaching and effacing strain of Escherichia coli in calves, Infect Immun, vol.53, pp.339-346, 1986.

M. Murphy, A. Carroll, C. Walsh, P. Whyte, M. O-'mahony et al., Development and assessment of a rapid method to detect Escherichia coli O26, O111 and O157 in retail minced beef, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol.210, issue.2, pp.155-161, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.09.004

J. P. Nataro and J. B. Kaper, Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Clin Microbiol Rev, vol.11, pp.142-201, 1998.

M. J. Nauta and J. Dufrenne, Variability in growth characteristics of different E.coli O157:H7 isolates, and its implications for predictive microbiology, Quantitative Microbiology, vol.1, issue.2, pp.137-155, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1010087808314

P. Neaves, J. Deacon, and C. Bell, A survey of the incidence of E. coli O157 in the UK dairy industry, International Dairy Journal, vol.4, issue.8, pp.679-696, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0958-6946(94)90002-7

M. E. Nielsen and M. T. Andersen, Detection and Characterization of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli by Automated 5' Nuclease PCR Assay, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.41, issue.7, pp.2884-2893, 2003.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.41.7.2884-2893.2003

Y. Nishikawa, Z. Zhou, A. Hase, J. Ogasawara, T. Cheasty et al., Relationship of genetic type of Shiga toxin to manifestation of bloody diarrhea due to enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serogroup O157 isolates in Osaka City, Japan, J Clin Microbiol, vol.38, pp.2440-2442, 2000.

O. 'brien, A. D. Laveck, G. D. Thompson, M. R. Et-formal, and S. B. , Production of Shigella dysenteriae Type 1-Like Cytotoxin by Escherichia coli, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.146, issue.6, pp.763-769, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/146.6.763

O. 'brien, S. J. Adak, G. K. Gilham, and C. , Contact with Farming Environment as a Major Risk Factor for Shiga Toxin (Vero Cytotoxin)-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Infection in Humans, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.7, issue.6, pp.1049-1051, 2001.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0706.010626

I. D. Ogden, N. F. Hepburn, and M. Mcrae, The optimization of isolation media used in immunomagnetic separation methods for the detection of Escherichia coli O157 in foods, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.373-379, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91670-5

S. J. Olsen, G. Miller, M. Kennedy, C. Higgins, J. Walford et al., A Waterborne Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: Implications for Rural Water Systems, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.8, issue.4, pp.370-375, 2002.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0804.000218

N. V. Padhye, D. , and M. P. , Rapid procedure for detecting enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in food, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.57, pp.2693-2698, 1991.

S. M. Parry and R. L. Salmon, Sporadic STEC O157 Infection: Secondary Household Transmission in Wales, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.4, issue.4, pp.657-661, 1998.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0404.980419

A. W. Paton, A. J. Bourne, P. A. Manning, P. , and J. C. , Comparative toxicity and virulence of Escherichia coli clones expressing variant and chimeric Shiga-like toxin type II operons, Infect Immun, vol.63, pp.2450-2458, 1995.

A. W. Paton, R. M. Ratcliff, R. M. Doyle, J. Seymour-murray, D. Davos et al., Molecular microbiological investigation of an outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome caused by dry fermented sausage contaminated with Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli, J Clin Microbiol, vol.34, pp.1622-1627, 1996.

A. W. Paton, E. Voss, P. A. Manning, P. , and J. C. , Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from cases of human disease show enhanced adherence to intestinal epithelial (Henle 407) cells, Infect Immun, vol.65, pp.3799-3805, 1997.

J. C. Paton and A. W. Paton, Pathogenesis and diagnosis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections, Clin Microbiol Rev, vol.11, pp.450-479, 1998.

A. W. Paton, M. C. Woodrow, R. M. Doyle, J. A. Lanser, and J. C. Paton, Molecular characterization of a Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli O113:H21 strain lacking eae responsible for a cluster of cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome, J Clin Microbiol, vol.37, pp.3357-3361, 1999.

M. Paunio, R. Pebody, M. Keskimaki, M. Kokki, P. Ruutu et al., Swimming-associated outbreak of Escherichia coli O157???H7, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.122, issue.1, pp.1-5, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268898001927

S. Perelle, F. Dilasser, J. Grout, and P. Fach, Detection by 5???-nuclease PCR of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli O26, O55, O91, O103, O111, O113, O145 and O157:H7, associated with the world's most frequent clinical cases, Molecular and Cellular Probes, vol.18, issue.3, pp.185-192, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mcp.2003.12.004

A. D. Phillips and G. Frankel, Interaction with Human Intestinal Organ Cultures, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.181, issue.4, pp.1496-1500, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/315404

D. Pierard, G. Muyldermans, L. Moriau, D. Stevens, and S. Lauwers, Identification of new verocytotoxin type 2 variant B-subunit genes in human and animal Escherichia coli isolates, J Clin Microbiol, vol.36, pp.3317-3322, 1998.

P. Pohl, Les souches pathogènes d'Escherichia coli, histoire et classification, Annales de médecine vétérinaire, vol.137, pp.325-333, 1993.

B. Posse, L. De-zutter, M. Heyndrickx, and L. Herman, serotypes O26, O103, O111, O145 and sorbitol-positive and -negative O157, FEMS Microbiology Letters, vol.282, issue.1, pp.124-131, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01121.x

N. Pradel, Escherichia coli producteurs de Shiga-toxines : étude épidémiologique, recherche des caractéristiques des souches pathogènes par comparaison moléculaire et hybridation soustractive, Thèse de doctorat de 3ème cycle -Clermont-Ferrand, 2001.

N. Pradel, K. Boukhors, Y. Bertin, C. Forestier, C. Martin et al., Heterogeneity of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome Patients, Cattle, and Food Samples in Central France, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.67, issue.6, pp.2460-2468, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.67.6.2460-2468.2001

G. Pupo, D. Karaolis, R. Lan, and P. Reeves, Evolutionary relationships among pathogenic and nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains inferred from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and mdh sequence studies, 1997.

T. Rabatsky-ehr, D. Dingman, R. Marcus, R. Howard, A. Kinney et al., O157:H7 Infection, Connecticut1, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.8, issue.5, pp.525-527, 2002.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0805.010373

V. Ramachandran, M. A. Hornitzky, K. A. Bettelheim, M. J. Walker, and S. P. Djordjevic, The Common Ovine Shiga Toxin 2-Containing Escherichia coli Serotypes and Human Isolates of the Same Serotypes Possess a Stx2d Toxin Type, Journal of Clinical Microbiology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.1932-1937, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/JCM.39.5.1932-1937.2001

S. A. Renwick, J. B. Wilson, R. C. Clarke, H. Lior, A. Borczyck et al., Evidence of direct transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection between calves and a human--Ontario, Can Commun Dis Rep, vol.20, pp.73-75, 1994.

E. W. Rice, R. M. Clark, J. , and C. H. , Chlorine Inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.5, issue.3, pp.461-463, 1999.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0503.990322

T. A. Roberts, Microbial growth and survival: Developments in predictive modelling, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.36, issue.3-4, pp.297-309, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0964-8305(96)00009-1

D. C. Rodrigue, E. E. Mast, K. D. Greene, J. P. Davis, M. A. Hutchinson et al., A University Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Associated with Roast Beef and an Unusually Benign Clinical Course, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.172, issue.4, pp.1122-1125, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/172.4.1122

P. C. Rowe, E. Orrbine, H. Lior, G. A. Wells, and P. N. Mclaine, SUMMARY, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.69, issue.01, pp.9-16, 1993.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.002123

C. A. Ryan, R. V. Tauxe, G. W. Hosek, J. G. Wells, P. A. Stoesz et al., Escherichia coli O157:H7 Diarrhea in a Nursing Home: Clinical, Epidemiological, and Pathological Findings, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.154, issue.4, pp.631-638, 1986.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/154.4.631

M. Safaríková and I. Safarík, Immunomagnetic separation of Escherichia coli O26, O111 and O157 from vegetables, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.36-39, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0950268899002940

S. J. Savarino, A. Mcveigh, J. Watson, A. Cravioto, J. Molina et al., Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Is Not Restricted to Enteroaggregative E. coli, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.173, issue.4, pp.1019-1022, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/173.4.1019
URL : http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/173/4/1019

J. C. Sharp, L. D. Ritchie, J. Curnow, and T. M. Et-reid, High incidence of haemorrhagic colitis due to Escherichia coli 0157 in one Scottish town: Clinical and epidemiological features, Journal of Infection, vol.29, issue.3, pp.343-350, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0163-4453(94)91381-1

F. Scheutz, B. Olesen, J. Engberg, A. Munk-petersen, K. Molbach et al., Clinical features and epidemiology of infections by Verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) from danish patients 1997-2000, and characterisation of VTEC isolates by serotypes and virulence factors, Epidemiology of Verototoxigenic E. coli organised by EU Concerted Action (CT98-3935, 2001.

H. Schmidt, L. Beutin, and H. Karch, Molecular analysis of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain EDL 933, Infect Immun, vol.63, pp.1055-1061, 1995.

H. Schmidt and H. Karch, Enterohemolytic phenotypes and genotypes of shiga toxinproducing Escherichia coli O111 strains from patients with diarrhea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, J Clin Microbiol, vol.34, pp.2364-2367, 1996.

. Shinagawa, Correspondance and problem for Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 outbreak in Morioka city, Iwate. Koshu Eisei Kenkyu, vol.46, pp.104-112, 1997.

R. Shukla, R. Slack, A. George, T. Cheasty, B. Rowe et al., Escherichia coli O157 infection associated with a farm visitor centre, Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev, vol.5, pp.86-90, 1994.

A. Soloaga, M. P. Veiga, L. M. Garcia-segura, H. Ostolaza, R. Brasseur et al., Insertion of Escherichia coli alpha-haemolysin in lipid bilayers as a non-transmembrane integral protein: prediction and experiment, Molecular Microbiology, vol.4, issue.4, pp.1013-1024, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-2736(78)90073-1

V. Sperandio, A. G. Torres, J. A. Giron, and J. B. Kaper, Quorum Sensing Is a Global Regulatory Mechanism in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.183, issue.17, pp.5187-5197, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.183.17.5187-5197.2001

V. Sperandio, C. C. Li, and J. B. Kaper, Quorum-Sensing Escherichia coli Regulator A: a Regulator of the LysR Family Involved in the Regulation of the Locus of Enterocyte Effacement Pathogenicity Island in Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Infection and Immunity, vol.70, issue.6, pp.3085-3093, 2002.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.70.6.3085-3093.2002

B. T. Steele, N. Murphy, G. S. Arbus, and C. P. Rance, An outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with ingestion of fresh apple juice, The Journal of Pediatrics, vol.101, issue.6, pp.963-965, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3476(82)80021-8

N. A. Strockbine, L. R. Marques, J. W. Newland, H. W. Smith, R. K. Holmes et al., Two toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain 933 encode antigenically distinct toxins with similar biologic activities, Infect Immun, vol.53, pp.135-140, 1986.

N. A. Strockbine, M. P. Jackson, L. M. Sung, R. K. Holmes, and A. D. Et-o-'brien, Cloning and sequencing of the genes for Shiga toxin from Shigella dysenteriae type 1., Journal of Bacteriology, vol.170, issue.3, pp.1116-1122, 1988.
DOI : 10.1128/jb.170.3.1116-1122.1988

C. Su and L. J. Et-brandt, Escherichia coli O157: H7 Infection in Humans, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.123, issue.9, pp.698-714, 1995.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00009

D. L. Swerdlow, G. , and P. M. , Duration of faecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 among children in day-care centres, The Lancet, vol.349, issue.9054, pp.745-746, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60196-1

D. L. Swerdlow, B. A. Woodruff, R. C. Brady, P. M. Griffin, S. Tippen et al., A Waterborne Outbreak in Missouri of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Associated with Bloody Diarrhea and Death, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.117, issue.10, pp.812-819, 1992.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-117-10-812

B. A. Synge, G. F. Hopkins, W. J. Reilly, and J. C. Sharp, Possible link between cattle and E coli O157 infection in a human, Veterinary Record, vol.133, issue.20, p.507, 1993.
DOI : 10.1136/vr.133.20.507

P. J. Taormina, L. R. Beuchat, and L. Slutsker, Infections Associated with Eating Seed Sprouts: An International Concern, Emerging Infectious Diseases, vol.5, issue.5, pp.626-634, 1999.
DOI : 10.3201/eid0505.990503
URL : http://doi.org/10.3201/eid0505.990503

P. I. Tarr, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, vol.30, issue.3, pp.1-8, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70208-9

P. I. Tarr, N. T. Tran, W. , and R. A. , Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Retail Ground Beef in Seattle: Results of a One-Year Prospective Study, Journal of Food Protection, vol.62, issue.2, pp.133-139, 1999.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-62.2.133

V. L. Tesh, J. E. Samuel, L. P. Perera, J. B. Sharefkin, O. Brien et al., Evaluation of the Role of Shiga and Shiga-like Toxins in Mediating Direct Damage to Human Vascular Endothelial Cells, Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.164, issue.2, pp.344-352, 1991.
DOI : 10.1093/infdis/164.2.344

C. M. Thorpe, W. E. Smith, B. P. Hurley, and D. W. Et-acheson, Shiga Toxins Induce, Superinduce, and Stabilize a Variety of C-X-C Chemokine mRNAs in Intestinal Epithelial Cells, Resulting in Increased Chemokine Expression, Infection and Immunity, vol.69, issue.10, pp.6140-6147, 2001.
DOI : 10.1128/IAI.69.10.6140-6147.2001

J. Tilden, . Jr, W. Young, A. M. Mcnamara, C. Custer et al., A new route of transmission for Escherichia coli: infection from dry fermented salami., American Journal of Public Health, vol.86, issue.8_Pt_1, pp.1142-1145, 1996.
DOI : 10.2105/AJPH.86.8_Pt_1.1142

W. T. Todd and S. Dundas, The management of VTEC O157 infection, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.66, issue.1-2, pp.103-110, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00527-4

W. B. Trevena, G. A. Willshaw, T. Cheasty, G. Domingue, and C. Wray, Transmission of Vero cytotoxin producing Escherichia coli O157 infection from farm animals to humans in Cornwall, 1999.

A. M. Urdahl, K. Cudjoe, E. Wahl, E. Heir, and Y. Wasteson, Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103 from sheep using automated immunomagnetic separation (AIMS) and AIMS-ELISA: sheep as the source of a clinical E. coli O103 case?, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.117, issue.3, pp.218-222, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01956.x

M. Uyttendaele, E. Jozwik, A. Tutenel, L. De-zutter, J. Uradzinski et al., Effect of Acid Resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Efficacy of Buffered Lactic Acid To Decontaminate Chilled Beef Tissue and Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging on Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on Red Meat, Journal of Food Protection, vol.64, issue.11, pp.1661-1666, 2001.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-64.11.1661

V. Vaillant and E. Espié, Facteurs de risque de survenue des syndromes hémolytiques et urémiques liés à une infection à Escherichia coli producteurs de shigatoxines chez les enfants âgés de moins de 15 ans. Etude cas-témoins, p.61, 2000.

N. C. Van-de-kar, H. G. Roelofs, H. L. Muytjens, J. J. Tolboom, B. Roth et al., erocytotoxinproducing Escherichia coli infection in hemolytic uremic syndrome in part of western Europe, Eur J Pediatr, vol.155, pp.592-595, 1996.

K. Verstraete, D. Zutter, L. Messens, W. Herman, L. Heyndrickx et al., Effect of the enrichment time and immunomagnetic separation on the detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O145 and sorbitol positive O157 from artificially inoculated cattle faeces, Veterinary Microbiology, vol.145, issue.1-2, pp.106-112, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.03.004

A. Vimont, C. Vernozy-rozand, and M. L. Delignette-muller, Isolation of E. coli O157:H7 and non-O157 STEC in different matrices: review of the most commonly used enrichment protocols, Letters in applied Microbiologie, pp.102-108, 2006.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1018513530268
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428065

A. Vimont, Optimisation de la recherche des Escherichia coli producteurs de Shiga-toxines (STEC), 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139179

A. Vimont, C. Vernozy-rozand, M. P. Montet, C. Bavai, B. Fremaux et al., Growth of Shiga-Toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and bovine feces background microflora in various enrichment protocols, Veterinary Microbiology, vol.123, issue.1-3, pp.274-281, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.02.003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00434711

L. Vold, A. Holck, Y. Wasteson, and H. Nissen, High levels of background flora inhibits growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.56, issue.2-3, pp.219-225, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00215-4

E. A. Wadolkowski, L. M. Sung, J. A. Burris, J. E. Samuel, O. Brien et al., Acute renal tubular necrosis and death of mice orally infected with Escherichia coli strains that produce Shiga-like toxin type II, Infect Immun, vol.58, pp.3959-3965, 1990.

J. R. Waters, J. C. Sharp, and V. J. Dev, Infection Caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Alberta, Canada, and in Scotland: A Five-Year Review, 1987-1991, Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol.19, issue.5, pp.834-843, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/clinids/19.5.834

J. W. Weaver, D. J. Kilpatrick, and A. M. Mcnamara, Evaluation of recovery protocols for heat-stressed enterovirulentEscherichia coli, Food Microbiology, vol.13, issue.3, pp.257-263, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/fmic.1996.0031

G. A. Willshaw, H. R. Smith, D. Roberts, J. Thirlwell, T. Cheasty et al., , particularly those of serogroup O157, Journal of Applied Bacteriology, vol.132, issue.5, pp.420-426, 1993.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02797.x

J. B. Wilson, S. A. Mcewen, R. C. Clarke, K. E. Leslie, R. A. Wilson et al., SUMMARY, Epidemiology and Infection, vol.58, issue.03, pp.423-439, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-5877(86)90017-6

C. Yamasaki, Y. Natori, X. T. Zeng, M. Ohmura, S. Yamasaki et al., -glycosidase activity, FEBS Letters, vol.8660, issue.2-3, pp.231-234, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-5793(98)01667-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01408206

T. Yoshida, M. Fukada, N. Koide, H. Ikeda, T. Sugiyama et al., Primary Cultures of Human Endothelial Cells Are Susceptible to Low Doses of Shiga Toxins and Undergo Apoptosis, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, vol.180, issue.6, pp.2048-2052, 1999.
DOI : 10.1086/315116

T. Zhao, M. P. Doyle, and R. E. Besser, Fate of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in apple cider with and without preservatives, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.59, pp.2526-2530, 1993.

S. Zhao, J. Meng, M. P. Doyle, R. Meinersman, G. Wang et al., A low molecular weight outer-membrane protein of Escherichia coli O157:H7 associated with adherence to INT407 cells and chicken caeca, Journal of Medical Microbiology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.90-96, 1996.
DOI : 10.1099/00222615-45-2-90